![]() Even though the shape itself is a line that curves around and around, your brain still recognizes it for the logo you are familiar with. A commonly used example of good figure design is to imagine the logo for the Olympics in a black silhouette. For example, when you look at a web page filled with design elements, you will mentally separate those elements into content blocks. The law of good figure, also called symmetry or prägnanz, means that your brain will try to make sense of shapes it doesn’t understand in the simplest way possible. That’s because your brain tries to make sense of what it sees according to the figure-ground principle. Have you ever seen a black-and-white image in which the black shapes form a picture while the white shapes form a second picture? The first time you view the image, you will likely focus on one shape or the other instead of seeing both at the same time. The figure-ground principle refers to humans’ tendency to see a focal point as the subject of a scene and everything else as a background. Graphic designers or educators might use proximity to group items together while designing advertising or educational materials so viewers can see the relationship between them, such as by featuring S’mores in an ad for chocolate bars to drive sales. You understand that the grouped letters are words, and the spaces separate them from each other so you can easily read the text. A simple example is the words on the page you’re currently reading. Humans tend to believe items are connected when we view objects grouped near one another. In design, this principle allows you to use negative space to give viewers the illusion of an image without needing to create the entire image. You understand these images to be what they are-a circle, diamond, or triangle, for example. Sometimes called reification, an example of this is a shape drawn with dashed or dotted lines. The principle of closure speaks to the phenomenon of human perception in which our brains fill in missing information to complete an image. ![]() Even though the tree interrupts the horizon line, you see the line as a connected, fluid object and the tree as a separate object. ![]() Imagine an image of a tree with a curved line behind it to represent the horizon. Your eye naturally follows curves, even if something intersects to break those curves. For example, you might place a big button with a contrasting color on your website to give users clear directions for signing up for your newsletter.Īccording to the principle of continuity, humans perceive items on a curve or line as being connected to one another. Conversely, you may allow certain design elements to stand out by making them different from surrounding areas. If you are working on a visual design, such as for a website, you might use similarity to visually connect items on the page. We perceive those items as connected to one another. The Gestalt principle of similarity states that humans will naturally group any items we look after spotting similarities between them. Six commonly used Gestalt principles today include similarity, continuity, closure, proximity, figure-ground, and symmetry. Over time, and as people began to apply the Gestalt principles in practical ways, many professionals started following a more streamlined model with four, five, or six principles. Each of these observations became a Gestalt principle. He also revealed his theory that perception could shape vision and other human senses. Graphic designers, therapists, and educators use these principles to influence how people view their experiences, perceive the world, learn new things, or interact with marketing. Wertheimer noted instances where humans perceive something differently than it truly is. įirst explored in a 1923 paper called “Laws of Organization in Perceptual Forms” by Max Wertheimer, the Gestalt principles have evolved over time and adapted to different industries. In modern German, the term “Gestalt” loosely translates into “the way that something is put together”. The Gestalt principles are a set of psychological theories that describe human perception, both in the things we see around us and in the experiences of our lives.
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